Cell Tissue Gene DNA Mitosis Meiosis
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Cell Tissue Gene DNA Mitosis Meiosis |
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  10:14 | 0 Cloud(s) Translation
Translation :
*The synthesis of proteins
directed by a mRNA template
*Take place on ribosomes
in the cytoplasm
Initiation
*The small subunit of a ribosome, bind to the 5’ end of an mRNA molecule
*AUG codon (start codon) indicates initiation of translation
*Initiation occurs when first tRNA carrying Methionine (UAC anticodon) binds to AUG codon on mRNA
*First tRNA occupies the P site whereas A site is ready for the next tRNA
Elongation
Elongation consists of three steps:
1) positioning the next amino acid;
2) peptide bond formation;
3) moving the ribosome to the next codon.
*Once both sites are filled by tRNA’s, along with their corresponding amino acids, the ribosome links the two amino acids together forming a peptide bond
Termination
*The ribosome reaches one of three stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA)
*At this point a special protein termed a release factor binds to the mRNA instead of a tRNA bearing an amino acid
*An enzyme subsequently serves to separate the polypeptide chain from the last tRNA
*At this point, both large and small ribosomal subunits dissociate from one another and become available to repeat the process
Animation : Translation Process
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